Prevalence Urinary Schistosomiasis in Some Odual Communities in Abua/Odual Local Government Area, Rivers State of Nigeria

Urinary schistosomiasis remains a prevalent concern in certain regions of Nigeria, particularly where populations frequently come into contact with water bodies hosting the snail intermediate host of the parasite. In the Abua communities of Abua/Odual Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria, a study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of urinary schistosomiasis among school-aged children. Midstream urine specimens were collected from 110 pupils (45 males and 65 females) across five schools (Okana, Omaraka, Amalem, Emilaghan, and Arukwo) and examined using the sedimentation technique. Results indicated an overall prevalence of 43.6%, with varying infection rates across the schools, though statistical analysis revealed no significant difference. Females exhibited a slightly higher infection rate (47.7%) compared to males (37.8%), with no significant disparity noted. Age group analysis revealed the 10-13 age group as most affected (56.3%), followed by the 6-9 age group (36.1%), and the 14 & above age group (30.8%). Risk factor assessment highlighted reliance on borehole water (52.7%) and irregular bathing habits as prominent contributors to transmission. The study underscores the persistent presence of Schistosoma haematobium in the area, particularly affecting children engaging in water-related activities. It advocates for government intervention through health awareness campaigns, provision of clean water sources, and anthelminthic treatment for infected individuals. These measures are crucial in mitigating the burden of urinary schistosomiasis and improving public health outcomes in the affected communities.