ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial Properties of Larval Secretions of the Blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Secretions aseptically collected from larvae or maggots of the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) exhibit antimicrobial activity along with other activities beneficial for wound healing. With the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria. New approaches for identifying the active compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity were examined. Five different pathogenic bacterial strains were used in this study, Three of them are gram positive bacteria, namely: Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sp, and proteus sp and two of them are gram negative bacteria, namely: E. coli. and Salmonella typhi. Considering the activity against organisms typically associated with clinical infection, may be a source of novel antibiotic-like compounds that may be used for infection control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a novel approach to investigate the output of secreted proteins from the maggots under conditions mimicking clinical treatments.Results revealed that the secretions aseptically markedly inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14468_cf4982b2c46384286c7ef9ad6bc1f0a7.pdf
2017-12-01
1
12
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14468
Lucilia sericata antibacterial larval therapy methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus streptococcus sp
secretions
Mohamed
Elshehaby
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of science, Al azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahran
Tony
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of science, Al azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdel - Rahman
Sultan
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of science, Al azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdel baset
abd Reheem
4
Zoology Department, Faculty of science, Al azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on Biological Attributes of Culex (Culex) univittatus Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Population From Saudi Arabia
A deep understanding of vector biology enables us to discover mechanisms of disease transmission and to design modern and effective strategies for vector control. Although Cx. (Cx.) univittatus is one of the main disease vectors in Saudi Arabia and worldwide, little information on its biology and population dynamics are available. Herein we evaluated many biological and reproductive attributes of Cx. univittatus mosquito from Saudi Arabia, under semi-field conditions. We found that female Cx. univittatus spent half of its longevity in digestion of blood meal and oviposition. To that end, a mortality rate of 44.5 % was recorded due to feeding and oviposition. Survival rates of different life stages of Cx. univittatus mosquito were assessed, too. The fecundity of female Cx. univittatus was estimated 157.4 eggs/ female. Fertility was evaluated 65%. 35% of eggs failed to hatch. Only 41 % of the hatched larvae developed to pupae and 43 % of pupae developed to adults. Chi-square test indicated that sex ratio is biased in favor of female to compensate the loss in generations. Developmental period from egg to adult was 20 days (2.1 for egg, 15.3 for larva, 1.5 for pupa). These findings support the conclusion that the environmental factors and habitat conditions have major impact on the vector biological attributes and in turn, on the vector competence for a disease.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14470_d936afa2598b9dd3d46dc25389d1eb5d.pdf
2017-12-01
13
20
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14470
Cx (Cx.) univittatus
biology
reproductive capacity
Population dynamics
Fatma
Galal
1
1-Department of Biology, College of Science, Aljouf University, Sakaka, KSA. 2-Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
AlaaEddeen
Seufi
2
1-Department of Biology, College of Science, Aljouf University, Sakaka, KSA. 2-Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of A bleaching Solution on Schistosoma mansoni Eggs: A scanning Ultrastructural Study
Schistosoma mansoni is one of the parasites causing schistosomiasis, a disease that threatens millions of people worldwide. The treatment of schistosomiasis is a critical point in research and includes fighting either adult worms or any of the different life cycle stages. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the main constituent of the bleaching solution, in the present study different concentrations of the bleaching solution were used to recognise their effects on the surface topography of Schistosoma mansoni eggs; 1, 5, 10 and 30 ppm of were used at time scale of 15, 30 and 60 minutes for each separate treatment. All of the concentrations experimented in this study affected the eggs if compared to the control ones. The surface topography of the eggs was greatly changed with increasing concentration and time, since, at higher concentration of the bleaching solution, some eggs were shrunk, deformed and egg shells were cracked. So, the bleaching solution may therefore be a useful treatment for Schistosomiasis mansoni.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14471_6aef90c4690d61ac6045d3314fe0730b.pdf
2017-12-01
21
32
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14471
Schistosoma mansoni Eggs
A scanning Ultrastructural Study
Rafat
Afifi
1
1-Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. 2-Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Medhat
Ali
2
1-Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. 3-Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biochemical Study on Lymphocyte Cell Surface Antigen in Hepatitis C Infected Patients
The current study aimed at assessment of peripheral blood lymphocyte cells in hepatitis C patients compared to Healthy controls and evaluating the potential diagnostic role and relation to disease severity and complications.
Patients and Methods: The present study included 27 hepatitis C patients and 27 healthy controls. Full history and clinical assessment of hepatitis C were performed for patients. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls for estimation of laboratory parameters (AST, ALT, T. Bilirubin, D. Bilirubin, PCR, CBC (WBCs, PLT, and HB), and T-cell activation marker (CD69). The flow- cytometer was used to measure CD69 %.
Results: The results of this study revealed significant increase in AST, ALT. D. Bilirubin, and CD69%. In hepatitis C patients comparing with controls. In addition, hepatitis C patients had statistically significant decrease in Albumin and PLT count less than controls. No statistically significant decrease was detected in HB and WBCs count in hepatitis C patients comparing with healthy control. and no statistically significant increase in T. Bilirubin in hepatitis C group more than control was detected.
Conclusion: The present study could suggest that CD69 cells are important determinants of immune status and prognosis in hepatitis C patients.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14474_0fe91c4495044478b34b648aac353651.pdf
2017-12-01
33
40
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14474
hepatitis C
T-lymphocytes
T-activator cells
CD69
Mamdouh
Taha
1
1-Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Ezzat
2
2-Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University
AUTHOR
Shahira
Abd Elshafai
3
2-Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University
AUTHOR
Noha
Khalifa
4
2-Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University
AUTHOR
Rasha
Elsayed
5
3-Fayoum University Hospital
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Parasitologic Investigation of Malaria in Pregnant Women and the Use of Herbal Remedies in lagos West Senatorial District
Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant public health problem especially in an area of stable malaria transmission like Lagos, Nigeria. In the nation’s state of various economic predicaments and in respect to the culture of the people, the knowledge, attitude, and treatment practices of individuals about malaria causation, symptoms identification, are essential for effective control measures. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women on the use of herbal remedies for malaria treatment in pregnancy in Lagos State.
Method: Thick and thin films slides prepared from venous blood of participants were examined on the microscope to determine the level of parasitaemia of pregnant women after which structured questionnaire was administered to determine the knowledge attitude and practice of pregnant women on the use of herbal remedies for treating malaria in pregnancy. The epi-info statistical software was used to compare factors associated with the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women and malaria infection.
Results: The prevalence of malaria using pheripheral blood from 207 pregnant women that participated in the study was 5.31% with 90.9% cases of Plasmodium falciparum and 9.1% of Plasmodium ovale among the infected participants. There was a significant association (P< 0.05) between Malaria infection with socio-demographic factors such as educational level, (X2 = 10.05; [df] = 3; P = 0.018), geo-political zone (X2=47.8; [df] = 13; P = 0.0001) and the hospital type used (X2 = 5.7, P = 0.026). Good Perception about use of herbal remedies was significantly associated educational level (X2= 25, P=0.003), and gravidity (X2 = 24.3, P = 0.018). It was observed that 60.9% of the respondents had a positive perception about herbal treatment while only 32.9% used herbal remedies in the treatment of malaria in pregnancy.
Discussion and Conclusion: There was low prevalence of parasitaemia among the pregnant women which may be connected with the current policy of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among the pregnant women. Study participants were found to be infected with two main species of Plasmodium spp. of which the dorminant species was Plasmodium falciparum. The respondents had a high level of knowledge about malaria. The perception, preference and use of herbal remedies by pregnant women in Lagos-West Senatorial district of Lagos State in the treatment of malaria were influenced by cultural, socio-economic realities of the present time. There was no proof of effectiveness of herbal remedies in the treatment of malaria as those who used herbal remedies in the treatment of malaria in pregnancy were in highest proportion of those infected with malaria than the non-users.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14475_4be017d0fbe72ead20fe291513bda9c5.pdf
2017-12-01
41
58
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14475
Malaria
pregnant women. Lagos
Nigeria
Adewale
Babatunde
1
1-Public Health Division, Institute of Medical Research P.M.B 2013 Yaba, Lagos
AUTHOR
Akinsanya
Bamidele
2
2-Zoology Department University of Lagos Akoka, Lagos
AUTHOR
Tudonu
Miracle
3
2-Zoology Department University of Lagos Akoka, Lagos
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Q10 and Xenobiotics Induce Nitration of Dicarbonyl –Xylulose Reductase (DCXR) via H2O2 /ONOO- in Human Skin
Till today, there is a clear evidence for massive H2O2/ONOO- - mediated stress in the epidermal compartment of vitiligo. It has been demonstrated that this accumulation originates from numerous cellular (endogenous) and environmental sources. There are convincing results that these reactive species induce oxidation of many amino acids of various proteins/peptides which lead to structural modification, that can be a reason for partial or complete loss of functionality. It was shown that hydroquinone (HQ) has been utilised in topical preparations by Dermatologists in skin lightening and depigmentation of widespread vitiligo treatment. It was decided to investigate whether these patients exhibit quinone reduction via dicarbonyl xylulose reductase (DCXR) as this enzyme reduces quinones and xenobiotics. The results show that DCXR is markedly decreased and affected by H2O2 and ONOO-. The results were demonstrated by utilising in situ immunofluorescence labelling, Western blot, and FT- Raman spectroscopy.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14477_77ef6612fe29f3bfcbb58f091e264634.pdf
2017-12-01
59
68
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14477
ROS
RNS
Vitiligo
quinones
xenobiotics
M.
El. Salem
1
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Aquatain™, monomolecular surface film for mosquito control in unused wells breeding site
Water collections in Qalyubiya villages areproviding suitable breeding habitats for mosquitoes including canals, unusedwells (sakia pits), pools, ditches, and drainages. The impact of Aquatain™, amonomolecular surface film against nature population of mosquito larvae andpupae was tested in the unused wells in Dajwa village, Qalyubiya Governorate,Egypt. Monomolecular films are used for mosquito control because of theirsuffocating effect on larvae and pupae. Aquatain™ was applied according torecommended dose in six unused wells. The results showed that Aquatain had along-lasting effect on mosquito population at a dose of 1 ml/m2 and0.5 ml/m2, where it caused 100% and 97.9% larval reduction after 3days post-treatment, respectively. While, pupal reduction reached 100% after 1and 3 days post-treatment, respectively. Larval mortality ranged from 85.7% to41.1% at 0.5 ml/m2 and 93.8% to 66.4% at 1 ml/m2. Pupalmortality ranged from 98.6% to 65.6% and 100% to 78.3% at 0.5 ml/m2and 1 ml/m2, respectively. Among the larval instar, 4thlarval instar was more susceptible to Aquatain (93.9%), while 1stlarval instar was less susceptible to Aquatain (29%) at both doses. We notedthe Aquatain™ was more effective at 1 ml/m2 than 0.5 ml/m2in mosquito reduction with stability for 15 days post-treatment. The resultsindicated that Aquatain provides a sufficient larval and pupal control in widemosquito breeding habitats.
https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_14479_06bf61fabbe7ec2580648ab7bda5eacb.pdf
2017-12-01
69
78
10.21608/eajbse.2017.14479
Aquatain™
monomolecular films
Culex pipiens mosquitoes
unused wells
Mohamed
Baz
mohamed.albaz@fsc.bu.edu.eg
1
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 15 Farid Nada St., Benha, P.O.13518, Egypt
AUTHOR