@article { author = {Abdel-Gahny, Ghada and Abo-Ghalia, Ahmed and El-Banna, Shereen and Soliman, Maha}, title = {The mechanical transmission of human parasites by cockroaches in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.46516}, abstract = {              The role of cockroaches in the mechanical transmission of human parasites in Ismailia Governorate was studied. A total 1135 cockroaches, belonging to two families and four species, were collected from seven different sites using sticky traps. The cockroaches were examined for the presence of parasites. The total number of parasites was six, The Helminths were: Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Hymenolepis sp., Entrobius sp, and Taenia sp. The protozoa was: Entamoeba histolitica. The total prevalence of parasites in body surface was 12.1%, in the gut was 13.2% and in whole insect was 13.5%. The highest prevalence was recorded at the summer in whole insect with 18.8% while the lowest prevalence was at the spring on the body surface with 3.5%. On the other hand, parasites were not recorded in winter. The highest prevalence was recorded with Periplaneta americana occurring in the whole insect with 15.6% while the lowest prevalence was recorded with Blattella germanica occurring on the body surface with 12.6%. On the other hand, parasites were not recorded with Blatta orientalis and Supella longipalpa. The prevalence of parasites recorded in cockroach’s sexes and stages. The highest prevalence was recorded with females occurring in the whole insect with 20%, followed with males occurring in the whole insect too with 10.3% and the lowest prevalence was recorded in nymphs with 3.2% in the gut. The present study further confirms that cockroaches play an important role as mechanical vectors of protozoan and helminth parasites. Hence, it is recommended that appropriate control measures must be taken particularly to make human dwellings as well as food preparation areas, including hospitals, hostels, schools and farms free of cockroaches.}, keywords = {cockroaches,Mechanical transmission,helminths,protozoa}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_46516.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_46516_eb4557196913d05311e5c09709351025.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Ayman and Badawy, Ahmed and Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed and Sarhan, Moustafa}, title = {Molecular Differentiation of Haemonchus longistipes Railliet & Henry, 1909 (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) of Female Morphotypes and Male Worms Infecting the Dromedary Camelus dromedarius Using RAPD Technique}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {15-23}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.48766}, abstract = {Molecular variability among female morphotypes (smooth, knobbed and linguiform B) and male of Haemonchus longistipes from Camelus dromedarius were analyzed by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 5 selected decamer primers. Results showed that primers OPA-04 and OPC-1 showed monomorphic bands for female morphotypes and male worms. In contrast, primers OPB-03, OPB-18, and OPD-05 yielded polymorphic bands among female morphotypes and male worms. A number of bands amplified by each primer varied from two to ten bands and ranged from 200 to 1750 bp. Band frequency per H. longistipes worm and per primer was estimated. The neighbor-joining clustering data based on pairwise distances among female morphotypes and male indicated that each sample had its own genetic peculiarity.}, keywords = {Haemonchus longistipes,morphotypes,Camelus dromedarius,random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD),decamer primer}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_48766.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_48766_7a8472389effc589aaa7e7d73d104837.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosni, Eslam and Kenawy, Mohamed and Nasser, Mohamed and Al-Ashaal, Sara and Rady, Magda}, title = {A Brief Review of Myiasis with Special Notes on the Blow Flies’ Producing Myiasis (F.: Calliphoridae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {25-32}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.52823}, abstract = {One of the most interesting and sophisticated relations that seen in nature is myiasis  which represents the relation between these tiny small larvae of Diptera and another living creature where these larvae feed on its tissues. Several previous works discussed the issue of myiasis from different aspects.  In this work, a brief and comprehensive review of myiasis including classification of its types, classification of dipterous larvae that cause it and special notes on family Calliphoridae and its role in causing myiasis.}, keywords = {Myiasis,Flies,Calliphoridae,Diptera}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_52823.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_52823_fb84a62680e2d51ea687af8cf68e96fd.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammad, Kotb and Selim, Tharwat and Boraey, Mhmoud}, title = {Distribution of Medical Flies along Wadi El-Rayan Protected Area}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {33-47}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.54557}, abstract = {To shed some light on distribution, abundance and diversity of flies’ species in Wadi El‐Rayan Protected Area, several field trips for one year from winter 2017 to autumn 2018 were carried out. In the present result, the flies in Wadi El‐Rayan Protected Area were comprised 5families include, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Piophilidae and Phoridae. Calliphoridae was the most abundant and diversify family during the study period, it represented (52.48% of the total flies count) and comprised 5 species (41.67% of the total recorded species), followed by Muscidae (41 Trap/day, 42.88% and 3 species, 25%), Sarcophagidae (2.6 Trap/day, 2.68% and 2 species, 16.67%), Phoridae (1 Trap/day, 1.046% and only species, 8.33%) and Piophilidae with an annual average of (0.88 Trap/day, 0.92% and only one species, 8.33%).But the most dominant flies species were Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala. Seasonally, flies were flourished in summer, while winter is the lowest abundant season. Spatially, they regularly distributed among study sites. The previous findings were confirmed by that the flies were semi-stable in their temporal distribution and there is fairness in their spatial distribution. The diversity indices indicate that poor in richness of flies diversity in the investigated area.}, keywords = {Flies,Spatial,Temporal,Abundance,diversity,Wadi El‐Rayan Protected Area}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_54557.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_54557_4452ee4c325da3f3d266c069528e3a2b.pdf} } @article { author = {Khandagle, Abhay}, title = {Insecticidal Properties of Three Plant Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti Linnaeus}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {49-57}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.60911}, abstract = {Aedes aegypti is one of the mosquito species responsible for the transmission of Dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and the worst, dengue hemorrhagic fever while Culex quinquefasciatus vectors Japanese encephalitis (JE) Wuchereria bancrofti and is responsible for several human and animal diseases. World Health Organization stated that about 2/5 of the global human population are currently threaten of dengue and the best way to control the transmission of dengue virus is fighting the mosquitoes that cause the disease. Indiscriminate use of several conventional mosquitocidal agents though effective cause several problems to non-target organism including human and affect the ecological balance as well. Thus there is a need to develop an alternative strategy to manage mosquito populations. Biological products like plant extracts are one of the ways to deal with mosquito control. The secondary metabolites of several plants due to their co-evolution with insects are known to have novel mosquitocidal molecules. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the bioactive potential of Lantena camera, Mentha piperita L. and Eucalyptis grandis. against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The leaf extracts were assessed for its larvicidal and repellency activity by standard methods. The highest larvicidal activity was obtained at LC50=96 ppm and 103 ppm against C.quinquifasciates and Aedes aegypti respectively with M.piperita extract while 100 % repellency was exhibited by Eucalyptis grandis extract up to 240 minutes for both the mosquito species. These results reveal that the selected plants have the potential to be considered in mosquito control programs.}, keywords = {Lantena camera,Mentha piperita L,Eucalyptis grandis,Aedes aegypti,Culex quinquefasciatus,larvicide,repellency}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_60911.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_60911_a3c6b7280c3a86c561cb353b13bb9d0a.pdf} } @article { author = {Kenawy, Mohamed and Abdel-Hamid, Yousrya}, title = {Medico-Legal Forensic Entomology “Use of Insects in Death Investigations”- A Review}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {59-74}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.61865}, abstract = {The present paper reviews the different aspects of forensic entomology (definition, history, carrion’s decomposition stages, and their associated insects/arthropods, utility in solving crimes, methods of collecting entomological evidence at death site and situation in Egypt). These are important information for interesting people and officials who are willing to make use of such aspect as a helping tool to solve crimes. }, keywords = {Forensic science,Forensic entomology,insect successions,PMI,post mortem interval,carrion’s decomposition stages,entomological evidences}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_61865.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_61865_ff5b4c4963eddfeef727186f8942ba17.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sisi, Ahmed and Mahmoud, Hanaa and Abdel-Hamid, Yousreya and Moselh, Walaa and Taha, Riham}, title = {Laboratory Evaluation of Some Local Components as Attractants to the Mosquito, Culex pipiens Females}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {75-85}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.64017}, abstract = {Culex pipiens is a cosmopolitan mosquito species and is an important vector for periodic lymphatic filariasis, West Nile virus, and Rift Valley fever.  Using newer technologies like the application of semiochemical-baited traps for mass trapping or killing of adult females of mosquito under integrated pest management (IPM) programs have been encouraged instead of intensive using of chemical insecticides to avoid hazardous effects to human, animals, and livestock in addition to environmental problems. The present study focused on the evaluation of the efficacy of attractive traps in trapping the mosquito, Culex pipiens females under laboratory conditions. The traps were supplied with some of safe components such as (1) sucrose, molasses and CAPL* (Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory) alone and mixed with Baker’s yeast granules that cause releasing of CO2 as an attractive material and (2) ammonium hydroxide (33%) and lactic acid alone and mixed with molasses or sucrose. The obtained results showed that the sugary solutions (sucrose, molasses, and CAPL* solutions) alone had lower attractive effect (46.7- 72.0% attraction after two days exposure) as compared with those that were mixed with Baker’s yeast granules (92-100% attraction). In addition CO2 emanation showed attraction and killing effects on tested mosquitoes. Ammonium hydroxide (33%) exhibited high attraction effect at low dilution (1 µl/100 ml water attracted 100% of mosquitoes after two days exposure) while lactic acid was weak attractant (1 µl/100 ml water attracted only 44% of mosquitoes). So lactic acid (5 µl/100 ml water) attraction (60% after two days) was augmented by adding of 50 gm molasses and 50 gm sucrose (96% and 92% attraction, respectively at day 2 post-exposure). It can be concluded that solutions showed ≥ 90% attraction after two days exposure (sucrose + yeast, molasses + yeast, CAPL* + yeast, ammonium hydroxide (33%) at 1 µl and lactic acid at 5 µl mixed with sucrose or molasses) are considered attractive materials, but for control purposes, solutions which cause complete death for the attracted mosquitoes are preferred such as sucrose + yeast, molasses + yeast, and CAPL* + yeast. However, further intensive studies are needed to test the efficacy of such materials as control agents under field conditions.}, keywords = {Mosquitoes,Culex pipiens,attractant solutions,sucrose solution,Molasses,baker’s yeast granules,lactic acid}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_64017.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_64017_a05c668ed8b907670408bfbb9da3ad12.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Abdo and F., Ghobashy and S., Mahmoud and A., Ismail and A., Hassan}, title = {Parasitological and Biochemicals studies on The Impact of Chitosan Nanoparticles on the course of Murine, Schistosomasis mansoni}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {87-94}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.70455}, abstract = {           Schistosomiasis is a worldwide disease and affects more than 200 million individuals around the world but its treatment depending only on a single orally drug, praziquantel. Since praziquantel was developed in 1970, it has replaced other anti-schistosomal drugs to become only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiasis due to, high efficacy, excellent tolerability, few and transient side effects, simple administration and competitive cost, but many factors can affect on its efficacy (internal such as; ph, enzymes or external such as; temperature, humidity).          So the development of a vaccine would be essential for the control of schistosomiasis, which is recognized as the most important human helminths infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. A new approach of oral vaccination with chitosan nanoparticles appears interesting because of their great stability and the ease of target accessibility, besides chitosan immunostimulatory properties.           This work aimed to study the effect of chitosan loaded with praziquantel nanoparticles as a delivery drug system on parasitological parameters such as (worm burden, oogram, in addition to the effect of the drug on biochemical parameters.           The results showed that chitosan loaded with PZQ as nanoparticles have a great effect on worm burden reduction reached 97.12% and worm’s stages reached 99.6% dead ova.Also it improved host biochemical parameters performance.The present study suggests that drug delivery system represented in chitosan has more advantages rather than taking the treatment (PZQ) orally alone. }, keywords = {Lantena camera,Mentha piperita L,Eucalyptis grandis,Aedes aegypti,Culex quinquefasciatus,larvicide,repellency}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_70455.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_70455_0ba86c4637d49935faa8b7e7b1ab21b0.pdf} } @article { author = {Adel, Asmaa and El-Ganainy, Sahar and Ahmed, Manal and Morsy, Kareem and Mostafa, Nesma}, title = {Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy on Cucullanus aliyaii Akhtar and Mujib (2012) (Nematoda: Cuculanidae) From the Rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus of The Red Sea, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {95-103}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0783}, eissn = {2090-0856}, doi = {10.21608/eajbse.2019.79222}, abstract = {In the present study, new host and locality records of Cucullanus aliyaii Akhtar and Mujib (2012), a cuculanid nematode isolated from the intestine of the rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus collected from the Red Sea, coasts of Hurghada city, Egypt during the period from January to September 2017. Fifteen out of 55 (27.3%) of the examined fish were infected. Worms were recorded by naked eyes on the flesh, stomach, intestines, as well as body cavities of the infected fish. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the isolated worms possessed the important criteria characteristic for members of family Cuculanidae: dimensions of oesophagus, spicules, mucron, size of pseudobuccal capsule, eggs, the position of deirids, excretory pore and vulva, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, host groups and zoogeographical regions. The recorded parasite was whitish and small-sized, female worms were 9.40±2 (7.4-10.3) x 2.5±0.2 (2.00-2.60) mm while male worms were 6.30±0.02 (6.00-8.30) mm x 1.60±0.02 (1.59-1.73) mm. Oral aperture was dorsoventrally elongate, slit-like, surrounded by distinct collarette, beared one row of small denticles on its inner surface; four submedian cephalic papillae and a pair of prominent lateral amphids present. Oesophagus was of two distinct portions: anterior pseudobuccal capsule measured 0.50±0.02 (0.47-0.053) mm in length, narrowing immediately below nerve ring; and posterior with a club-shaped muscular structure measured 0.45±0.02 (0.41-0.49) mm in length}, keywords = {Cucullanus aliyaii Akhtar and Mujib (2012),rabbitfish,Siganus canaliculatus}, url = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_79222.html}, eprint = {https://eajbse.journals.ekb.eg/article_79222_0c7d715c12196f8058242c2e0ce06c88.pdf} }